NRI

Under the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act of 1973, Non-Resident Indians are:
Indian citizens who stay abroad for employment or carrying on business or vocation outside India or for any other purpose in circumstances indicating an indefinite period of stay abroad;
OR
Government servants who are posted abroad on duty with the Indian missions and similar other agencies set up abroad by the Government of India where the officials draw their salaries out of Government resources;
OR
Government servants deputed abroad on assignments with foreign Governments or regional/international agencies like the World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Health Organisation (WHO), Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)
OR
Officials of the State Government and Public Sector Undertakings deputed abroad on temporary assignments or posted to their branches or offices abroad.

A foreign citizen is deemed to be of Indian origin if:

• he held an Indian Passport at any time or
• he or his father or paternal grandfather was a citizen of India by virtue of the Constitution of India or the Citizenship Act, 1955. However this does not apply to citizens of Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Bhutan, Sri Lanka or Nepal.

Some of the factors to consider while purchasing a flat are:

• Locality, i.e. transport, schools, hospitals, market, business district, entertainment centres, hotels, restaurants, pollution levels, etc.
• Quoted area of the flat, i.e., carpet, built up area and super built up area
• Car parking space
• Quality of construction
• Reputation of the builder or seller
• Sufficient water and electric supply, other utilities
• Cost components: price, stamp duty, registration charges, transfer fees, monthly outgoings and society charges, costs of utilities
• Potential for resale or renting out of the property
• Any other distinguishing features or advantages of the property

Keep in mind the following things while buying a residential property:

• Market Trends about prevalent rates of property in the vicinity and last known transactions
• Ask for photocopies of the all deeds of title related to the property to be purchased. Examine the deeds to establish the ownership of the property by seller, preferably through an advocate. Ascertain the survey number, village and registration district of the property as these details are required for registration of the sale. Previous encumbrances and loans, if any on the property must be cleared before completion of purchase of the property. The title of the Vendor to the property must be clear and marketable.
• Check for approved layout plan and approved building plan with number of floors
• Clearance from municipality, electricity, water, pollution and lift authorities
• Check the building bye-laws in that area to verify any issue with setback, side setback, height, etc.
• Confirm transfer fees, stamp duty and registration charges to be paid on purchase of the property as well as outgoings to be paid for the property, i.e., property tax, water and electricity charges, society charges and maintenance charges

No, NRI’s do not require permission to buy any immovable property in India other than agricultural/plantation property or a farmhouse.

The purchase consideration should be met either out of inward remittances in foreign exchange through normal banking channels or out of funds from any non-resident accounts maintained with banks in India.

There are no limits on the number of residential properties that may be bought by an NRI. However, repatriation (the process of converting a foreign currency into the currency of one’s own country) is allowed only in respect of two such properties.

All requests for purchase of agricultural land/plantation property/farm house by any person residing outside India may be made to:
The Chief General Manager,
Reserve Bank of India, Central Office
Exchange Control Department
Foreign Investment Division (III)
Mumbai 400 001

Yes, the Reserve Bank has granted general permission for the sale of property. However, where another foreign citizen of Indian origin purchases the property, funds towards the purchase consideration should either be remitted to India or paid out of balances in non-resident accounts maintained with banks in India.

In the event of sale of immovable property other than agricultural land/farm house/plantation property in India by a NRI or PIO, the authorised dealer may allow repatriation of the sale proceeds outside India, provided all the following conditions are satisfied:

• The immovable property was acquired by the seller in accordance with the provisions of the Exchange Control Rules/Regulations/Law in force at the time of acquisition, or the provisions of the Regulations framed under the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999;
• NRIs/PIOs can effect remittance of sale proceeds of immovable property in India irrespective of the period for which the property was held. The sale proceeds allowed to be repatriated should, however, not exceed the foreign exchange brought in to acquire the said property.
• In case of residential property, the repatriation of sale proceeds is restricted to not more than two such properties, if the property was purchased from funds held in NRE Account.
• The amount sought to be repatriated abroad should not exceed the amount paid for acquisition of the immovable property in the foreign exchange received through normal banking channels or out of funds held in FCNR or NRE Account. In case of investment out of NRE Account the amount to be calculated as foreign currency is equivalent value as on the date of payment for acquisition of the said property.

There are guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India for grant of housing loans to NRIs. The guidelines are:

• The loan amount shall not exceed 85% of the cost of the housing unit.
• Own contribution, which is the cost of housing unit financed less the loan amount, can be met from direct remittances from abroad only through normal banking channels, your Non-Resident (External) [NR (E)] Account and /or Non-Resident (Ordinary) [NR (O)] account and /or Non-Resident Special Rupee account [NRSR] in India.
• Reimbursement of the loan, comprising of the principal and interest including all the charges are to be remitted from abroad only through normal banking channels, your Non-Resident (External) [NR (E)] Account and /or Non-Resident (Ordinary) [NR (O)] account and /or Non-Resident Special Rupee account [NRSR] in India.

Authorised dealers have been granted permission to grant loans to NRIs for acquisition of house/flat for self-occupation on their return to India subject to certain conditions. Repayment of the loan should be made within a period not exceeding 15 years out of inward remittance through banking channels or out of funds held in the investors’ NRE/FCNR/NRO accounts.

Yes. Such housing loans availed in rupees can also be repaid by the close relatives in India of the borrower.

The following documents are normally required to be submitted along with the application:

• Photocopy of the labor contract and English translation duly countersigned by your employer
• Latest salary certificate (in English) specifying the following: name (as it appears in the passport), date of joining, passport number, designation, perquisites and salary.
• Photocopy of labor card/identity card
• Photocopy of valid resident visa stamped on the passport
• Photocopy of monthly statement of local bank account for the last 4 months
• Property related documents

An NRI can borrow against the security of immovable property from an authorized dealer subject to following conditions:

• the loan should be used for meeting the personal requirements or for borrower’s own business purposes; and
• Loan should not be used for forbidden activities, namely; business of chit fund, OR
  agriculture or plantation activities or in real estate business, or construction of farm houses, OR
  trading in Transferable Development Rights (TDRs)
• The loan amount cannot be remitted outside India,
• Repayment of loan shall be made from out of remittances from overseas or by debit to NRE/FCNR/NRO account or out of the sale profits of shares or securities or immovable property against which such loan was granted.

The relaxation of FDI in the construction development sector announced in March 2006 allows NRIs, PIOs and all foreigners equal opportunity with their Indian counterparts in the Indian real estate sector. The new guidelines state that before selling, the site has to be developed, constructed upon or fulfil the criteria of a minimum of one year of development.

• NRIs, PIOs and foreigners can now invest in land, buy it, construct upon it or develop it, sell constructed buildings/developed plots
• FDI through automatic route can also flow in not just for the housing sector, but also for townships, housing, commercial area, and infrastructure development
• Restrictions on minimum area of land, minimum number of units has been removed
• Minimum constructed area required is 50, designated area is 25 acres

The norms are quite liberal. It allows you five years to finish at least 50% of your project from the date of getting all the clearances. Under normal circumstances the project can be completed within three years. It helps protect the customer and keeps fly-by-night people at bay.

The automatic route has simplified much of the cumbersome investment process. Approval from the Reserve Bank is not required anymore and there is also no need to go to the Foreign Investment Promotion Board. The easing of paper work and relaxation of formalities has given a boost to overseas investor confidence for investing in India.

Any NRI before investing in the Indian real estate should also focus on the particular segment that he plans to invest in like residential, retail or office space. Consulting legal firms and real estate firms providing professional NRI services can be very useful.

A lot depends on the segment you want to invest in. It helps to gauge the future state and to know what utilities are available. An office market investment, for instance, requires you to:

• Get in touch with consultants for advice on the city of choice
• Outline your objectives, the size of your investments
• Have an approximate of the returns you are expecting. The yield that has evolved from distinct parameters ranges between of 8 – 8.5% to 12% for office space and 4% – 6% in residential
• Whether the land is for investment or for development is also a deciding factor, as is the local demand-supply situation. While investing in India, the availability and quality of infrastructure or utilities like power, connectivity, security and long-term future plans need to be scrutinised.

In some states, the Municipal authority is the ultimate monitoring authority. In smaller states and in non-urban areas, the town and country planning corporation acts as the monitoring authority. In urban areas where most of the construction takes place, the municipal authority wields power in giving the final permission and sanctioning drawings and plans. Clearances on electricity, water supply and other utilities also come from here.

If you have a wholly owned subsidiary by a foreign company then the minimum capitalisation norm is USD 10 million.
If you have a joint venture, the ratio 74:26 or 51:49 is immaterial. For a joint venture, the minimum capitalisation is USD 5 million in foreign exchange.
This minimum amount of foreign exchange is required to arrive within six months from the date of commencement of business. The six months can be used to bring that money into India.